As biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms, Biochemistry governs all living organisms and living processes. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the incredible complexity of life.

Much of biochemistry deals with the structures and functions of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules although increasingly processes rather than individual molecules are the main focus. Studies concerned with the chemical processes that take place within living cells (i.e. biochemistry) began even before the nineteenth century.

Modern biochemistry developed out of and largely came to replace what (in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries) was called physiological chemistry, which dealt more with extra cellular chemistry, such as the chemistry of digestion and of body fluids.

Over the last 40 years, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.

Types Of Biomolecules Here, DNA is a polymer made up of many monomers (nucleotides) and protein is another polymer made of different monomeric aminoacids.

Biomolecules are important as they control almost every aspect of organisms. Biomolecules are organic molecules that are produced by any living organism. They consist mostly of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, and have a small amount of sulfur and phosphorus. Occasionally they can also contain traces of other elements.

Among the vast number of different biomolecules, many are complex and large molecules (called polymers), which are composed of similar repeating subunits (called monomers).

Each class of polymeric biomolecule has a different set of subunit types. For example, a protein is a polymer whose subunits are selected from a set of 20 or more amino acids. Biochemistry studies the chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, and in particular the chemistry of enzyme−catalyzed reactions.