Formation of Isotopes as the proton bombards Nitrogen atom
Here N14 and N13 are isotopes
Isotopes are atoms having same atomic number(Protons) but different mass number.
i.e., the number of neutrons are different. Hence the atomic weights of the isotopes of an element are different. Isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties because they have the same number and arrangement of electrons. However, isotopes may not have the same nuclear and physical properties. The relative abundance of different isotopes differs from element to element.
Isobars
Isobars are atoms of different elements which have the same mass number but different atomic numbers. These have different number of protons, different number of electrons and different number of neutrons. The chemical properties of isobars are widely different because they have different number and arrangement of electrons. Their physical properties may be identical.
Isotones are the nuclei which have the same number of neutrons. Both the atomic number Z and the mass number A are different but the value ( A – Z ) [= No. of neutrons] is the same. The numbers of naturally occurring isotones provide useful evidence concerning the stability of particular neutron configurations.
For example, the relatively large number (six and seven, respectively) of naturally occurring 50– and 82–neutron isotones suggests that these nuclear configurations are especially stable. On the other hand, from the fact that most atoms with odd numbers of neutrons are an isotonic, one may conclude that odd–neutron configurations are relatively unstable.