Ionization Isomerism
Structural isomers have different arrangement of ligands around the central metal atom. Structural isomers have the same chemical formulas but with different bonding arrangements.The different chemical formulas in structural isomers are caused either by a difference in what ligands are bonded to the central atoms or how the individual ligands are bonded to the central atoms.
When determining a structural isomer, you look at: The ligands that are bonded to the central metal, and Which atom of the ligands attach to the central metal.
There are four types of structural isomers they are Ionization isomerism, Coordination isomerism, Linkage isomerism, Hydrate isomerism
Ionization Isomerism:
The coordination compound having the same composition or molecular formula but gives different ions in solution are called ionization isomers.
There is exchange of anions between the coordination sphere and ionization sphere.
Linkage Isomerism
Coordination Isomerism
In this case compound is made up of cation and anion and the isomerism arises due to interchange of ligands between complex cation and complex anion.
Linkage Isomerism: In this case isomers differ in the mode of attachment of ligand to central metal ion and the phenomenon is called linkage isomerism.
Hydrate Isomerism
Hydrate Isomerism:
Hydrate isomers have the same composition but differ in the number of water molecules present as ligands and the phenomenon is called hydrate isomerism.
Examples:
[Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 – hexaaquachromium (III) chloride (violet)
[Cr(H2O)5Cl]Cl2. H2O – pentaaquachlorochromium (III) chloride monohydrate (blue green)