Coal and diamond are purest forms of naturally occuring carbon.
The carbon family are the elements in Group 14 of periodic table , these include the elements carbon (C),
silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb).
These are placed in P–Block as their outermost electron is present
in p–orbital. The general configuration of these elements may be written as ns2np2.
Carbon is a non–metal. It is present in all forms of life known. It is found in abundance in the sun, stars, comets, and atmospheres of most planets. Naturally occurring, pure carbon allotrops are amorphous(coal, soot), graphite and diamond. Fullerene is a recently discovered allotrope of carbon, as a byproduct.
Diamonds are the most expensive gemstones. Because of their hardness diamonds are used at industrial levels to polish, grind, and cut glass, metals, rocks and other materials. Graphite is used in manufacture of lead pencils and stove paints. Coal is used as a fuel.
Quartz
It is used for making optical instruments and lenses.
Silicon is the second most abundant element on earth's crust. It is a metalloid. It occurs in minerals as silicon dioxide (silica) in different crystalline forms, quartz, agate amethyst, rock crystal, chalcedony, flint, jasper, and opal.
Silica is used to make glass, concrete and bricks. Silicon used as a semiconductor in electronics.
Germanium
Germanium is a semi–metal, its minerals are very rare. Ge is extracted as a byproduct from some metal ores. The common use of germanium is as a semiconductor.
Cassinerate
Tin is a silvery–white, soft and malleable metal. The only important ore of tin is cassinerate SnO2. SnO2 is reduced to the metal using carbon at 1200–1300°C in an electric furnace.
Tin is used as a coating on the surface of other metals to prevent corrosion. Tin chloride is used in dyeing industries as a mordant.
Lead ore
Lead is a bluish–gray, soft and dense metal. The main ore of lead is galena PbS. Galena is mined and separated from other minerals by froth flotation.
Lead and its oxides are used in storage batteries in automobiles. Lead used as roofing material, as electrodes and in cable covering to prevent corrosion. It is also used in paints, Bullets and glazes in pottery.