Reproduction
Heredity & Molecular Genetics > Heredity
Most plants have the ability to reproduce asexually Most plants have the ability to reproduce asexually.

Reproduction is the biological process by which new "offspring" individual organisms are produced from their "parents".

Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. The most fundamental property of all living things is the ability to reproduce.

Organisms reproduce in one of two general ways: asexually or sexually. In asexual reproduction, individuals (e.g., bacteria, Hydra) produce genetically identical offspring termed clones. For example, many plants can be cloned by vegetative propagation of root and stem cuttings. Asexual reproduction is sometimes advantageous to organisms because it is generally quick and requires less energy. The major disadvantage of asexual reproduction is that, offsprings are genetically identical to the parent, and this lack of genetic variation may be detrimental if conditions change and genetic diversity becomes valuable. This situation could occur with the introduction of a new disease or predator, changing environmental conditions, or other factors.

Organisms that reproduce sexually Organisms that reproduce sexually are thought to have an advantage over organisms that reproduce asexually, because novel combinations of genes are possible in each generation.

In sexual reproduction the genetic material from two parents combines to form offspring who are genetically distinct from their parents (and who are also distinct from other siblings produced by the same parents). Even though sexual reproduction requires more energy and time than asexual reproduction, it provides offspring with a unique genetic makeup that may provide them with a selective advantage in an unpredictable environment. The key to understanding how this genetic variation is maintained lies in examining the behavior of chromosomes during the sexual life cycle.

Thus, Organisms that reproduce sexually are thought to have an advantage over organisms that reproduce asexually, because novel combinations of genes are possible in each generation.

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